What is Fair Use?
Talking in general, a fair use is any copying of copyrighted materials done for a limited and "transformative" purpose, and it is to comment upon and criticize or parody already copyrighted work. Such uses can be done without permission from the copyright owner. Saying this in another word, fair use is defense against a claim of copyright infringement.
So i would wonder what is "transformative" purpose, If this definition seems ambiguous, be aware that millions of dollars in legal fees have been paid attempting to define what qualifies as a fair use. There are no hard and fast rule, only general rules and varied court decisions, because the judges and law makers who created the fair use exception did not want to limit its definition.
Talking in general, a fair use is any copying of copyrighted materials done for a limited and "transformative" purpose, and it is to comment upon and criticize or parody already copyrighted work. Such uses can be done without permission from the copyright owner. Saying this in another word, fair use is defense against a claim of copyright infringement.
So i would wonder what is "transformative" purpose, If this definition seems ambiguous, be aware that millions of dollars in legal fees have been paid attempting to define what qualifies as a fair use. There are no hard and fast rule, only general rules and varied court decisions, because the judges and law makers who created the fair use exception did not want to limit its definition.
Most fair use analysis falls into two categories.
Commentary and Criticism
If you are commenting upon or critiquing a copyrighted work — for instance, writing a book review — fair use principles allow you to reproduce some of the work to achieve your purposes. Some examples of commentary and criticism include:
- quoting a few lines from a Bob Dylan song in a music review
- summarizing and quoting from a medical article on prostate cancer in a news report
- copying a few paragraphs from a news article for use by a teacher or student in a lesson, or
- copying a portion of a Sports Illustrated magazine article for use in a related court case.
The underlying rationale of this rule is that the public reaps benefits from your review, which is enhanced by including some of the copyrighted material. Additional examples of commentary or criticism are provided in the examples of fair use cases.
Parody
A parody is a work that ridicules another, usually well-known work, by imitating it in a comic way. Judges understand that, by its nature, parody demands some taking from the original work being parodied. Unlike other forms of fair use, a fairly extensive use of the original work is permitted in a parody in order to “conjure up” the original. 
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